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Improv to invent and represent scenarios for Requirements: Video

Published on April 4, 2012 by in Demos, My papers, slider

During the 2ndInternational Workshop on Creativity in Requirements Engineering (CREARE’12, Essen, Germany), we showcased how improv can be used as an experience-based design technique. Better than words, the video:

In the related paper we present the expected strengths of using improv as a design technique in RE:

  • Improv supports collaborative creativity: improv as we use it can be seen as mechanism to create novel, unexpected stories from diverging raw material, and adapts well to stakeholders groups. Interaction between players, and between the audience and the players, is key to improv.
  • Improv is quick and cheap: given the cost of N people locked in a meeting room, improv’s immediacy makes it a very cheap tool compared to other slower techniques.
  • Improv is flexible: the lack of fixed recording media makes it for a total flexibility, while video recording and a-posteriori editing remains possible.
  • Improv is intuition-based: improv taps into your intuition to build stories. This neglected idea source complements well with more rational moments in your creative process.
  • Improv is experience-centred: the focus is not on the designed product, but on the user experience around it.
  • Improv enables a high degree of representation: actors playing can say much more than a UML diagram or a list of actions in a process diagram, or a drawn storyboard. Emotions in particular are naturally represented.
 
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Requirements for Sustainable Systems Workshop (RE4SuSy)

Published on March 16, 2012 by in My papers

REFSQ’12 conference (Essen, Germany) will host the first edition of the RE4SuSy workshop, focusing on Requirements Engineering for Sustainable Systems. It is jointly organized by Birgit Penzenstadler, Camille Salinesi and myself.

I had the chance to be an author in 3 papers that will be presented there. In the first, we argue that Sustainable Systems is a complex topic, more complex that we might want to see at first sight. While existing simplifying frameworks are useful, we have to work more to integrate this complexity into our projects, not hide it under sometimes over-simplifying diagrams.

The second highlight the requirements work that remains to be done around electromobility (electric-cars) and the smart grid that will manage the distribution of electricity in a near future. IT is at the heart of this new infrastructure, and while technology is nearly ready, there remain a lot of unanswered questions concerning the requirements of these systems.

Finally we present a poster about our initiative to introduce sustainability in RE course with master students.

All papers, and the associated discussions (including reviews!) are available on the wiki!

 
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Improv as agile design technique @ CAISE 2012

Published on March 16, 2012 by in Demos

A new variant of the improv’ tutorial has been accepted, this time at CAISE, Gdansk, this summer 2012. This is a “Rank A” conference, the definite top in Information Systems…

Through actually playing improvisational theatre games in groups, participants will be given the chance to feel what it takes to innovate in teams, and will experiment with a technique that enables rapid scenario generation, producing real-time creative experience-centered prototypes.

This time we will focus on the creative design session. After warming-up exercises, we will pretend that we are a group of stakeholders (including problem owners, developers, experts) willing to invent a new software product. We will use guided improvisations as an experience-based technique, inventing user stories on the fly, and commenting them in order to determine what our product should or should not do. So, while some play out scenarios they invent on the fly guided by the improv’ coach, others watch and comment, take note of ideas, scenarios, requirements, feasibility problems and alternative solutions. Then we all debrief.

 
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Improv as Mini-Tutorial @ RCIS’12

Published on February 10, 2012 by in Demos, slider

Creativity and Collaboration are recognized as important challenges by the Information Systems community. And Improvisation is seen as a state-of-the-art potential solution. How can I tell ? Well, our mini-tutorial,

“Improvisational Theater for Information Systems:

Breathing Collaboration and Creativity into your Developments”

has been invited at RCIS’12, the 6th international conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, to be held in May, in Valencia, Spain. This time it’s closer than RE’10, in Sydney (see post). The outline of the tutorial illustrates what can be done in 90 minutes, the real minimum for a discovery of what improv can do for creativity and collaboration in development teams.

Outline of the tutorial

1) Introduction (10’): We first briefly define creativity, motivate the need for it, and then expose some theoretical bases that establish the link between improv and creativity.

2) Awareness exercise (10’): This first exercise will raise group awareness and open people’s mind for the remainder of the session. It will already reveal the difficulties of establishing an efficient communication channel, and ways to tackle them.

3) Warm-up exercise (10’): From this moment on, people remove their tie or sweat-shirt, if any, and are ready to go.

4) “Chairs” exercise (20’): Now, we play a simple game that illustrates well the complexity of managing responsibilities in groups. Some people take too many initiatives, others never do. Some try to direct the others, some shout, some panic…The solution – which we don’t disclose here! – will be found by the participants through trial and error.

5) “Goalkeeper” exercise (20’): Here we will ask participants to play around with personas. This will help them cope with their inhibitions, dare collecting the ideas that are in them, essentialize their messages into a clear and actionable form. Participants will be challenged on their reactivity and will realize how far they are ready to accept and build upon proposals from others. This exercise also serves as a brainstorming session to enrich the personas for the next exercise.

6) Creative Session (20’): It’s time to put things into practice. So we will pretend that we are a group of stakeholders willing to invent a new software product. We will use guided improvisations as an experience-based design technique, inventing user stories on the fly, and commenting them in order to specify what our product should or should not do.

 
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Experimenting around Sustainable Requirements for Sustainable Software

Published on February 10, 2012 by in My papers

Over the last decades, IT has become one of the leading industries worldwide. Its effects on our society and its environment are considerable. Its most obvious effects result from the production, operation, maintenance and disposal of IT infrastructure, roughly hardware. This is what the majority of “green IT” initiatives have been concerned with up to now.

Yet, there is another important manner in which IT affects its environment: IT changes individual and organisational behaviour. Think of how the Internet, office automation, mobile phones, route planners and many other applications have affected the way we act (e.g., work, travel) and communicate.

3 dimensions of sustainable software (Martin Mahaux)

At the heart of IT lies software. The way software is designed (e.g., what functions it supports, which parts of its environment it interacts with, which IT infrastructure it uses and how) can have a major influence on the sustainability of the human activities involved. Such fundamental decisions are typically made during Requirements Engineering (RE), and finally expressed as requirements. Consequently we have decided to research how to discover requirements that help minimize the negative environmental (and, more recently, societal) impacts of (the activities supported by) the software under construction.

So we made a real life experiment to (i) get an insight on how sustainability requirements can be discovered, (ii) what existing tools and techniques facilitate this task, and (iii) what their limitations are in this respect. The experiment consisted in inventing and writing the requirements for a new software for Yellow Events. This company creates and organizes “responsible” events for companies and individuals, so they wanted a software that would help them make their events more green.  And this is what we did, adapting here and there recognized Requirements Engineering techniques, from goal modeling to (mis-)use case, from stakeholders analysis to rich scope pictures. This way we came up with innovative functionalities for saving our planet, like integrated car-sharing management system, green-rating for suppliers, distance-based search and the like. I paste here two artifacts from this study, but you can read the full story in the paper we published at REFSQ’11 on this: Discovering Sustainable Requirements !

Use Case for Managing events

 

Rich Picture including physical flux
 
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Defining YOUR creativity

Published on January 13, 2012 by in My papers

The word “creativity” is used widely in business and academia, but its meaning may differ greatly depending on context. This may cause confusion in the minds of people who have to determine which kinds of creativity are relevant to their project and which creativity tools to use. So we tried to understand why and how the meaning of the word “creativity” varies, and study the impacts of these variations on how complex socio-technical systems are designed. As a result we derived a framework for understanding the precise local meaning of creativity used in a specific context, before deciding on the adequate support for it.

Consider, for example, that at the kick-off meeting of a new development project, the sponsor emphasised the importance of creativity. Now, as the manager on this project, you feel in trouble: are you supposed to get together in a funny workshop using sticky notes? Or are you supposed to use new technology? Do you have to make a revolution in your product line? Or do you have to find new ways of collaborating? Are you supposed to take risks? Should you challenge the very problems you are asked to solve?

As this story indicates, there are many ways one could be creative during the development of a socio-technical system, and many ways one could support creativity during the project. In its early phases, one must manage an important part of the creativity on the project. So one has to choose a certain creativity, and find ways to support it. The question is then:

How can we help the manager to find the adequate creativity for a project ?

As an answer, we came up with an actionable framework that one can use to guide interviews with projects sponsors, and to structure the results in a way that a specific creativity is determined. This framework identifies 3 contextual factors that explain why the creativity meaning changes, and 5 dimensions that explain how it changes. You can read the full story in the full paper I published at REFSQ 2012, in collaboration with Alistair Mavin (Rolls Royce) and Patrick Heymans (FUNDP).

 

 
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Improv for Engineers: mini-tutorial in Sydney

Published on January 13, 2012 by in Demos

We were invited to showcast our improv-based techniques a the Requirements Engineering 2010 Conference in Sydney. Despite the very hard circumstances (video filming you, scientists colleagues watching you), 10 brave volunteers played the game. And played it very well. Thanks to them.

 
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© Work supported by Wallonie and Europe under the FEDER project
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